Madison was incorporated in 1768, initially known as Peeling and named after President James Madison in 1825.

It is located in the White Mountain National Forest, at the base of Mount Madison, the highest peak in the Presidential Range.

The town's total area is 48.7 square miles, with 46.5 square miles of land and 2.2 square miles of water bodies.

As of the 2020 census, Madison had a population of 2,473, with a gradual growth trend in recent decades.

The local economy primarily relies on tourism and service industries, benefiting from its proximity to the White Mountain National Forest.

Madison is known for its abundant recreational opportunities, including hiking, biking, fishing, and skiing in winter.

The town hosts the annual Madison Mountain Music Festival, featuring local and regional musicians and artisans.

Madison is home to the Silver Lake Dam, a historic earthen dam constructed in 1872 to provide water power for local mills.

The town played a significant role in the American Revolution, with local militia units participating in various battles.

Madison has a strong community spirit, with active local organizations and volunteer groups.

The town boasts a small but dedicated volunteer fire department, ensuring the safety of residents.

Madison's picturesque landscape and natural beauty have attracted artists and writers throughout history.

The town has a small but thriving public library, providing access to books and resources for residents.

Madison values education and supports its youth through various programs and initiatives within the local school system.

The community places great importance on preserving its historical heritage, with several historic buildings and sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places.